2009

1. Chunyan Liu , Jirko Holst , Zhisheng Yao, Nicolas Bruggemann , Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,Shenghui Han, Xingguo Han, Xunhua Zheng,Sheepfolds as “hotspots”of nitric oxide (NO) emission in an Inner Mongolian steppe, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment xxx (2009) xxx–xxx.
2. Chunyan Liu, Jirko Holst, Zhisheng Yao, Nicolas Bruggemann, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Shenghui Han, Xingguo Han, Bart Tas, Andreas Susenbeth, Xunhua Zheng, Growing season methane budget of an Inner Mongolian steppe, Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 3086–3095.
3. Baoling Mei, Xunhua Zheng ,Baohua Xie , Haibo Dong , Zaixing Zhou, Rui Wang , Jia Deng ,Feng Cui, Huajun Tong , Jianguo Zhu,Nitric oxide emissions from conventional vegetable fields in southeastern China, Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 2762–2769.
4. Zhisheng Yao, Xunhua Zheng,Baohua Xie, Chunyan Liu, Baoling Mei, Haibo Dong ,Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Jianguo Zhu,Comparison of manual and automated chambers for field measurements of N2O, CH4, CO2 fluxes from cultivated land,Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 1888–1896.
5. Zhisheng Yao, Xunhua Zheng ,Baohua Xie, Baoling Mei, Rui Wang ,Klaus Butterbach-Bahl , Jianguo Zhu , Rui Yin , Tillage and crop residue management significantly affects N-trace gas emissions during the non-rice season of a subtropical rice-wheat rotation, Soil Biology & Biochemistry xxx (2009) 1–10.
6. Zhisheng Yao ,Zaixing Zhou,Xunhua Zheng,Baohua Xie,Baoling Mei,Rui Wang,Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,Jianguo Zhu,Effects of organic matter incorporation on nitrous oxide emissions from rice-wheat rotation ecosystems in China, Plant Soil,DOI 10.1007/s11104-009-0056-4.
7. Yao Z, Wolf B, Chen W, Butterbach-Bahl K, Brüggemann N, Wiesmeier M, Dannenmann M, Blank B, Zheng X, 2009. Spatial variability of N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes within the Xilin River catchment of Inner Mongolia, China-a soil core study. Plant and Soil 10.1007/s11104-009-0257-x.
8. Jiangxin Gu,Xunhua Zheng,Wen Zhang,Background nitrous oxide emissions from croplands in China in the year 2000, Plant Soil (2009) 320:307–320.
9. Baohua Xie,Xunhua Zheng,Zaixing Zhou,Jiangxin Gu,Bo Zhu,Xin Chen,Yi Shi, Yiyong Wang,Zhichun Zhao,Chunyan Liu,Zhisheng Yao,Jianguo Zhu,Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on CH4 emission from rice fields: multi-site field observations, Plant Soil,DOI 10.1007/s11104-009-0020-3.
10. Xie B, Zhou Z, Zheng X, Zhang W, Zhu J, 2010. Modeling methane emissions from paddy rice fields under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide conditions. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 27, doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8178-4.
11. Zhou Z, Zheng X, Xie B, Han S, Liu C, 2010. A process-oriented model of N2O emission from rice-winter wheat rotation agro-ecosystem: structure, validation and sensitivity. Adv. Atmos. Sci.,27, doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8191-7.
12. Qi Li, Chonggang Xu, Wenju Liang, Shuang Zhong, Xunhua Zheng ,Jianguo Zhu, Residue incorporation and N fertilization affect the response of soil nematodes to the elevated CO2 in a Chinese wheat field, Soil Biology & Biochemistry xxx (2009) 1–7.
13. Jirko Holst,Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,Chunyan Liu,Xunhua Zheng ,Andreas J. Kaiser, Jörg-Peter Schnitzler ,Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern ,Nicolas Brüggemann, Dinitrogen fixation by biological soil crusts in an Inner Mongolian steppe, Biol Fertil Soils (2009) 45:679–690.
14. YAO HUANG, WENJUAN SUN, WEN ZHANG, YONGQIANG YU, YANHUA SU, and CHANG CHUN ONG, Marshland conversion to cropland in northeast China from 1950 to 2000 reduced the greenhouse effect, Global Change Biology (2009), doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01976.x.
15. Huang Y, Yu YQ, Zhang W, Sun WJ, Liu SL, Jiang J, Wu JS, Yu WT, Wang Y, Yang ZF, 2009. Agro-C: A biogeophysical model for simulating the carbon budget of agroecosystems, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149(1):106–129
16. Tingting Li , Yao Huang,Wen Zhang, Changchun Song, CH4MODwetland: A biogeophysical model for simulating methane emissions from natural wetlands ,Ecological Modelling xxx (2009) xxx–xxx.
17. Wenjuan Sun, Yao Huang, Wen Zhang, and Yongqiang Yu, Estimating topsoil SOC sequestration in croplands of eastern China from 1980 to 2000, Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2009, 47, 261–272.
18. J I ANWEN ZOU, YAO HUANG, YANMEI QIN, SHUWEI LIU, QIRONG SHEN, GENXING PAN, YANYU LU and QIAOHUI LI U, Changes in fertilizer-induced direct N2O emissions from paddy fields during rice-growing season in China between 1950s and 1990s, Global Change Biology (2009) 15, 229–242, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01775.x.
19. Zou JW, Lu YY, Huang Y, 2009. Estimates of synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct nitrous oxide emission from Chinese croplands during 1980–2000, Environmental Pollution, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.08.026
20. Shilong Piao, Jingyun Fang, Philippe Ciais, Philippe Peylin, Yao Huang, Stephen Sitch & Tao Wang, The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China, Nature，Vol 458|23 April 2009| doi:10.1038/nature07944.
21. Shutao Chen and Yao Huang, Soil respiration and N2O emission in croplands under different ploughing practices: a case study in south-east China, Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2009, 47, 198–205.
22. Shi XZ, Yang RW, Weindorf DC, Wang HJ, Yu DS, Huang Y, Pan XZ, Sun WX, Zhang LM, 2009. Simulation of organic carbon dynamics at regional scale for paddy soils in China, Climatic Change, doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9704-1
23. Jiang JY, Hu ZH, Sun WJ, Huang Y, 2009. Nitrous oxide emissions from Chinese cropland fertilized with a range of slow-release nitrogen compounds, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.014
24. Xingkai Xu, Lin Han, Xiaobao Luo, Zirui Liu, Shijie Han, Effects of nitrogen addition on dissolved N2O and CO2, dissolved organic matter, and inorganic nitrogen in soil solution under a temperate old-growth forest，Geoderma， 2009，151(3-4): 370-377.
25. X. Xu,  K. Inubushi, Responses of ethylene and methane consumption to temperature and pH in temperate volcanic forest soils, European Journal of Soil Science，2009，60（4）：489-498。
26. X. Xu,  K. Inubushi，Ethylene oxidation, atmospheric methane consumption, and ammonium oxidation in temperate volcanic forest soils，Biology and Fertility of Soils，2009，45（3）：265-271。
27. X. Xu,  K. Inubushi , Temperature effects on ethylene and methane production from temperate forest soils，Chin. Sci. Bull.，2009，54(8):1426-1433.
28. Xingkai Xu and Kazuyuki Inubushi. 2009. Soil acidification stimulates the emission of ethylene from temperate forest soils. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26: 1253-1261
29. ZhangTengyu， XuXingkai， Luo Xiabao， Han Lin, Wang Yinghong, Pan Genxing, Effects of acetylene at low concentrations on nitrification, mineralization and microbial biomass nitrogen concentrations in forest soils, Chin. Sci. Bull.，2009，54(2):296-303.
30. Z. Gao, D. H. Lenschow, Z. He, and M. Zhou, Seasonal and diurnal variations in moisture, heat and CO2 fluxes over a typical steppe prairie in Inner Mongolia, China, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 987–998, 2009.
31. GAO Zhiqiu, Qing WANG, and ZHOU Mingyu,Wave-Dependence of Friction Velocity, Roughness Length, and Drag Coe±cient over Coastal and Open Water Surfaces by Using Three Databases, Adv. Atmos. Sci., VOL. 26, NO. 5, 2009, 887-894.
32. Ning Zhang, Weimei Jiang, Zhiqiu Gao, Fei Hu and Zhen Peng, Determination of urban surface aerodynamic characteristics using Marguardt method, Wind and Structures, 2009, 12(3):281-283.
33. Mingyu Zhou, Zhanhai Zhang,Shiyuan Zhong, Donald Lenschow, Hsiao-Ming Hsu,Bo Sun, Zhiqiu Gao, ShimingLi， Xindi Bian, and Lejiang Yu, Observations of near-surface wind and temperature structures and their variations with topography and latitude in East Antarctica,, J.Geophys. Res., 114, D17115, doi:10.1029/2008JD011611.
34. ZHANG Zhanhai, ZHOU Mingyu, Sharon ZHONG,Donald H. LENSCHOW, Qing WANG, Parameterizations of the Daytime Friction Velocity, Temperature Scale, and Upslope Flow over Gently Inclined Terrain in Calm Synoptic Conditions, Adv. Atmos. Sci., VOL. 26, NO. 3, 2009, 577–584.
35. Hong Liao, Ying Zhang, Wei-Ting Chen, Frank Raes, and John H. Seinfeld , Effect of chemistry-aerosol-climate coupling on predictions of future climate and future levels of tropospheric ozone and aerosols, J.Geophys. Res, VOL. 114, D10306, doi:10.1029/2008JD010984, 2009.
36. Zhang L., H. Liao, and J. Li, Impacts of Asian summer monsoon on seasonal and interannual variations of aerosols over eastern China, J.Geophys. Res, 2009.
37. H. O. T. Pye, H. Liao, S. Wu, L. J. Mickley, D. J. Jacob, D. K. Henze, and J. H. Seinfeld, Effect of changes in climate and emissions on future  sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosol levels in the United States , J.Geophys. Res,, VOL. 114, D01205, doi:10.1029/2008JD010701, 2009.
38. Yue X., H. Wang, H. Liao, and K. Fan, Simulation of dust aerosol radiative feedback using the GMOD. Part II: dust-climate interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 2009.
39. CHANG Wenyuan, LIAO Hong, and WANG Huijun，Climate Responses to Direct Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosols, Tropospheric Ozone, and Long-Lived Greenhouse Gases in Eastern China over 1951–2000，Adv. Atmos. Sci.,VOL. 26, NO. 4, 2009, 748–762。
40. Yue X., H. Wang, H. Liao, and K. Fan, The Direct Climatic Effect of Dust Aerosols in the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3), Adv. Atmos. Sci.,  2009.
41. Xu Yongfu, Li Yangchun （2009）Estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake in a global ocean model, Adv. Atmos. Sci. 26，265-274.
42. Xu Yongfu，Aoki Shigeaki， Harada Koh （2009）Identification of CO2 disposal locations in an ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific， Acta Oceanological Sinica，28，15-24.
43. Long Jia， Xu Yongfu，Maofa Ge，Du Lin，Zhuang Guoshun （2009）Smog chamber studies of ozone formation potentials for isopentane，Chinese Science Bulletin，54
44. Zhi Hai, Wang Panxing, Dan Li, YuYongqiang, Xu Yongfu, and Zheng Weipeng (2009) Climate-vegetation interannual variability in a coupled atmoshphere-ocean-land model , Adv. Atmos. Sci, 26(3), 599-612
45. CUI Huxiong, CHENG Tiantao, CHEN Jianmin, XU Yongfu , FANG Wen，2009, Laboratory Simulation of SO2 Heterogeneous Reactions on Hematite Surface Under Different SO2 Concentrations, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21（8），1103-1107.
46. Lijie Gao, Meigen Zhang, Zhiwei Han, Model Analysis of Seasonal Variations in Tropospheric Ozone and carbon monoxide over East Asia, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 2009，26(2), 312-318。
47. Yu Xingna, Zhu Bin, Zhang Meigen, Seasonal variability of aerosol optical properties over Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 2009，43(26),  4095-4101,.
48. Sittichai Pimonsree, Prungchan Wongwises, Rudklao Pan-Aram, Meigen Zhang, Model analysis of PM10 concentration variations over a mineral products industrial area in Saraburi, Thailand, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2009. 201：239-251。
49. Renjian Zhang, Kin-Fai Hob, Junji Cao, Zhiwei Han, Meigen Zhang, Yan Cheng,Shung Cheng Lee. Organic carbon and elemental carbon associated with PM10 in Beijing during spring time, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172, 970–977,2009.
50. Renjian Zhang, Zhenxing Shen, Tiantao Cheng, Meigen Zhang, Yanju Liu，The Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Particles at Beijing during Asian Dust Events in Spring 2004，Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2009，doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2009.05.0038
51. Reis, S., Pinder, R. W., Zhang, Meigen, Lijie, G., and Sutton, M. A.: Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, 2009
52. Zi-liang LI, GangFU, Jing-tian GUO,Yi-hong DUAN, Mei-gen ZHANG，Topographic effects on polar low and tropical cyclone development in simple theoretical model ，Appl. Math. Mech. -Engl. Ed. 30(10), 1271–1282 (2009)，DOI: 10.1007/s10483-009-1007-x
53. Wang Xuemei, Chen Fei, Wu Zhiyong, Zhang Meigen, Impacts of Weather Conditions Modified by Urban Expansion on Surface Ozone: Comparison between the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta Regions, Adv. Atmos. Sci.2009，26(5), 2009, 962-972。
54. Zhiwei Han, Meigen Zhang, Junling An, Sensitivity of air quality model prediction to parameterization of vertical eddy diffusivity, Environ. Fluid Mech., 9, 73–89, 2009.
55. Junling An, Wei Zhang, Yu Qu, Impacts of a strong cold front on concentrations of HONO, HCHO, O3, and NO2 in the heavy traffic urban area of Beijing, Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 3454–3459。
56. Lei Liu, Fei Hu, Xue-Ling Cheng, Li-Li Song, 2009, Probability Density Functions of Velocity Increments in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. , DOI 10.1007/s10546-009-9441-z.
57. Huizhi Liu，Jiangguo Sang, Analytical model of roll vortices in the convective boundary layer, Boundary-layer Meteorol, 2009, 130: 43-55.
58. Chen Wen, Zhu Deqin, Liu Huizhi and Sun Shufen, 2009, Land-air Interaction over Arid/semi-arid areas in China and its impact on the East Asian Summer Monsoon Pert I: calibration of the land surface model (BATS) using Multicriteria Methods, Adv. Atmos. Sci 26,1088-1098.
59. Han Zou, Shupo Ma, Libo Zhou, Peng Li, and Aiguo Li, Measured turbulent heat transfer on the northern slope of Mt. Everest and its relation to the south Asian summer monsoon, J.Geophys. Res, VOL. 36, L09810, doi:10.1029/2008GL036984, 2009.
60. H. Akiyoshi, L. B. Zhou，Y. Yamashita, K. Sakamoto, M. Yoshiki,T. Nagashima, M. Takahashi, J. Kurokawa, M. Takigawa, and T. Imamura， A CCM simulation of the breakup of the Antarctic polar vortex in the years 1980–2004 under the CCMVal scenarios，J.Geophys. Res,, VOL. 114, D03103, doi:10.1029/2007JD009261, 2009。
61. Zhu J., C. Y. Lin and Z. F. Wang, 2009: Dust storm ensemble forecast experiments in East Asia. Adv. Atmos. Sci,, 26(6), 2009, 1-18.
62. Zheng F., J. Zhu, H. Wang and R. H. Zhang, 2009: Ensemble hindcasts of ENSO events over past 120 years using large number of ensembles, Adv. Atmos. Sci,. 26(2), 359–372.
63. Wan L.Y., J. Zhu, C. X. Yan, H. Wang and L. Bertino, 2009: Dressing Ensemble Kalman Filter using Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model in Pacific, Adv. Atmos. Sci, 26(5), 2009, 1042-1052.
64. Fu Weiwei, Jiang Zhu, Changxiang Yan and Hailong Liu, 2009: Towards a global ocean data assimilation system based on Ensemble Optimum Interpolation: Altimetry data assimilation experiment, Ocean Dynamics,59(4), 587-602, DOI 10.1007/s10236-009-0206-5.
65. Liu Ye, Zhu Jiang, She Jun, Zhuang Shiyu, and Jidong Gao, 2009: Impacts of assimilating ocean profile observations using a bottom-topography-following recursive filter on ocean forecasting in North Sea/Baltic Sea. Ocean Modelling. 26(2-3), 75-87,  doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.06.005  
66. Fu W.W., J. Zhu and C. X.. Yan, 2009, A comparison between 3DVAR and EnOI techniques for Satellite altimetry data assimilation, Ocean Modelling. 269(3-4), 206-216,  doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.10.002
67. Shu Yeqiang, Zhu Jiang, Xiao Xianjun, Yan Changxiang, Wang Dongxiao, 2009: Performance of four sea surface temperature assimilation schemes in the South China Sea. Continental Shelf Research. Vol. 29, 11-12, 1489-1501.
68. Zheng, F., H. Wang, and J. Zhu, 2009: ENSO ensemble prediction: initial condition perturbations vs. model perturbations. Chin. Sci. Bull., 54(14), 2516-2523, doi: 10.1007/s11434-009-0179-2.
69. De Mey, Pierre Peter Craig, John Kindle, Yoichi Ishikawa, Roger Proctor, Keith Thompson, Jiang Zhu and CSSWG, 2009: Applications in coastal modeling and forecasting, Oceanography, 22(3), 198-205.
70. Gan Luo,  Fangqun Yu, and Zifa Wang, Impact of aerosol on sea surface temperature over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean: A potential trigger factor of the NAO phase conversion? GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L03708, doi:10.1029/2008GL036035, 2009
71. Xingying Zhang, Guoshun Zhuang, Hui Yuan, Ken neth A. Rahn, Zifa Wang, and Zisheng An,Impact of aerosol on sea surface temperature over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean: A potential trigger factor of the NAO phase conversion? Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 4, 619-628, August 2009
72. Itsushi Uno,Kenta Eguchi, Keiya Yumimoto, Toshihiko Takemura, Atsushi Shimizu, Mitsuo Uematsu, Zhaoyan Liu, ZifaWang, Yukari Hara and Nobuo Sugimoto, Asian dust transported one full circuit around the globe, Nature geoscience, LETTERS, DOI: 10.1038/NGEO583.
73. Sun Yang , Wang Yuesi, Zhang Changchun， Measurement of the vertical profile of atmospheric SO2 during the heating period in Beijing on days of high air pollution，Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 468–472。
74. Yang Sun, Yuesi Wang, and Changchun Zhang，Vertical Observations and Analysis of PM2.5, O3, and NOx at Beijing and Tianjin from Towers during Summer and Autumn 2006. Adv. Atmos. Sci,, 2010, 27(1), 1-14
75. Mao Ting, Wang Yue-si, Xu Hong-hui, Jiang Jie , Wu Fang-kun, Xu Xiao-bin. A study of the atmospheric VOCs of Mount Tai in June 2006, Atmospheric Environment, 2009, 43,2503-2508
76. Yang Yongjie, Wang Yuesi, Wen Tianxue, et al., Elemental composition of PM2.5 and PM10 at Mount Gongga in China during 2006 atmospheric research，2009(93): 801-810
77. Xin, J., W. Du, Y. Wang, Q. Gao, Z. Li, M. Wang, 2009: Observation and simulation of aerosol optical properties affected by a strong dust storm in Central and Northern China. Adv. Atmos. Sci, doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9023-5.
78. G. Tang, X. Li, Y.Wang, J. Xin, and X. Ren, 2009: Surface ozone trend details and interpretations in Beijing, 2001–2006. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8813–8823.
79. He NP, Wu L, Wang YS, Han XG. 2009. Changes in carbon and nitrogen in soil particle-size fractions along a grassland restoration chronosequence in northern China. Geoderma, 150: 302–308.
80. He NP, Yu Q, Wu L, Wang YS, Han XG. 2008. Carbon and nitrogen store and storage potential as affected by land-use in a Leymus chinensis grassland of northern China. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 40, 2952–2959.
81. Wu L, He NP, Wang Y, Han X. 2008. Storage and dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in soil after grazing exclusion in Leymus chinensis grasslands of Northern China. Journal of Environmental Quality, 37, 663–668
82. Jia, Y., K. A. Rahn, K. He, T. Wen, and Y. Wang (2008), A novel technique for quantifying the regional component of urban aerosol solely from its sawtooth cycles, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D21309, doi:10.1029/2008JD010389.
83. Ze-Mei Zheng, Gui-Rui Yu, Yu-Ling Fu, Yue-Si Wang, Xiao-Min Sun, Ying-Hong Wang. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration is affected by prevailing climatic conditions and soil organic carbon content: A trans-China based case study, 2009, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41: 1531–1540.
84. LI Xingru, GUO Xueqing, LIU Xinran, LIU Chenshu, ZHANG Shanshan, WANG Yuesi. Distribution and sources of solvent extractable organic compounds in PM2.5 during Spring Festival of 2007 in Beijing. J Journal of Environmental Sciences 21(2009)142-149
85. ZHOU Li-Bo, ZOU Han, MA Shu-Po, ZHU Jin-Huan, LI Peng, and HUO Cui-Ping, Quantitative Estimation of Air Mass Exchange by Along-Valley Wind in the Rongbuk Valley, Atmos. Oceanic. Sci. Lett., 2009, VOL. 2, NO. 1, 29−34.
86. Chang Wen-yuan and Liao Hong, 2009, Anthropogenic Direct Radiative Forcing of Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosols from 1850 to 2000 Estimated with IPCC AR5 Emissions Inventories, Atmos. Oceanic. Sci. Lett., 2(4), 200-206.
87. HU Bo, WANG Yue-Si, and LIU Guang-Ren, Properties of Solar Radiation over Chinese Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, Atmos. Oceanic. Sci. Lett， 2009, VOL. 2, NO. 3, 183−187.
88. MA Shu-Po, ZHOU Li-Bo, ZOU Han, and JI Chong-Ping, Preliminary Estimation of Moisture Exchange in Rongbuk Valley on the Northern Slope of Mt. Qomolangma, Atmos. Oceanic. Sci. Lett, 2009, VOL. 2, NO. 1, 40−44.
89. Xie J. and Jiang Zhu, 2009: A dataset of global ocean surface currents for 1999-2007 derived from Argo float trajectories: Comparison with surface drifter and TAO measurements. Atmos. Oceanic. Sci. Lett. 2, 97-102.
90. Zhang, Y., H. Liao, K. Zhu, and Y. Yin, Role of black carbon-induced changes in snow albedo in predictions of temperature and precipitation during a snow storm, Atmos. Oceanic. Sci. Lett., 2, 230-236, 2009.